To gain insight as to how Venice became an economic power, being the
center of trade and commerce in Europe from the Middle Ages (until the
Renaissance era), and to one of the top tourist destinations of the
world today, one must look at its beginning.
Venice was built by
refugees from Northern Italy that escaped the wars and invasions in the
fifth century. Back in those days Venice was just a mudflat in a lagoon
that was formed by the estuaries of three rivers in Northern Italy. Sand
and mud were washed up by the Adriatic Sea creating long and thin
islands, which protected the lagoon. The refugees built houses made of
daub and wattle, with the posts driven into the mud and anchored with
woven tree branches to protect their houses from the motion of the
waves. Most of these refugees became fishermen and engaged in trading
and drying sea water to make salt. They grew prosperous from this trade.
By
548 AD the former refugees already had full control of the trade on the
Adriatic Sea. While Venice did not have its own natural resources,
being located in a lagoon, their very location became their most
important advantage. They were protected and made secure by their
strategic position from attackers. They learned how to move merchandise
and handle ships; they had become trading experts. The city was right in
the middle of trading between Europe and the Orient, with Marco Polo
playing a major role in the opening of trade routes, particularly to
China.
In a short time, Venice became one of the wealthiest
cities in Europe and was a dominant influence in the Mediterranean. By
the ninth century, Venice was already a city-state and was one of the
Maritime Republics in Europe. The others were Amalfi, Pisa, Ragusa and
Genoa. These city-states were the main controllers of trade between the
world and Western Europe.
The Venice Arsenal (Porta Magna) was
established in 1104 AD. It was a state-owned complex of armories and
shipyards, located in the district of Castello. This was the proof of
Venice's naval power and was considered one of history's earliest
industrial enterprises on a larger scale. After the Fourth Crusade,
during the 13th century, Venice was hailed as an imperial power,
employing 36,000 sailors, owned 3,300 ships and was in control of trade
and commerce in the Mediterranean.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/7994284
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